Author: George Livingston
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A Mechanistic Comparison of Lipid-Lowering Therapies: Statins, Fibrates, and Niacin
George Livingston M.S. in Biochemistry Introduction Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease, is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease. It involves the buildup of plaque within the arterial walls, leading to reduced blood flow and potentially severe consequences like heart attack and stroke. To manage this condition, lipid-lowering medications, such as statins, fibrates, and niacin, are commonly…
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Vaccination Efficacy for Parasites: Plasmodium Species Causing Malaria
George Livingston M.S. in Biochemistry Introduction The main issue with vaccinating against parasites is their complex life cycle. Plasmodium species infections that cause malaria, for example, have portions of their life cycle that are specific to the midgut and salivary glands of an Anopheles mosquito, and other portions that are specific to different anatomical locations of…
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Social, Legal, and Ethical Challenges to Pharmacogenetics
George Livingston M.S. in Biochemistry Introduction The challenges of implementing pharmacogenomics (PGx) into common practice in the medical field can be categorized as social, ethical, or legal [2]. Social issues in PGx have a lot to do with public perceptions of the practice, for the general population has very little working knowledge of this emerging field…
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A Comparison of Parenteral Routes of Medication Administration
George Livingston M.S. in Biochemistry Introduction The word parenteral can be broken down into its prefix and root word. The prefix par- means with or alongside, and the root word -enteral refers to the enteric system associated with the gastrointestinal tract. Parenteral routes of administration work with or alongside the gastrointestinal system because medications administered this…
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Repetition in Higher Eduction: Faux Pas or Fundamental?
George Livingston M.S. in Biochemistry Cognitive psychologists have been discovering the most effective teaching and learning strategies for decades. Recently, studies in this field have become supported with data from resting state functional connectivity MRI [1]. Without getting deep into the methodology, Jonathan D. Power and his co-authors published data that maps 264 putative areas…
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